Brontë, Charlotte

Charlotte Brontë in China allgemein.
Wu Qinghong ; Huang Lu : The reason that Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë becomes a masterpiece of world literature is closely related to the Gothic techniques of Charlotte Brontë. She uses Gothic tradition to make the novel enveloped in somber, horrible, misery and bitter color, which arouses the horror and compassion of readers and increases the effect of the work. Gothic techniques highlight the personality of characters, glamorize the horrible atmosphere, deepen the theme of the work, thereby, make the work show unusual and unfailing artistic charm.
Some of the critics just discuss the religious and cultural factors of the novel. Most critics like to reinterpret Jane Eyre from the feminist perspective. They assert that Jane Eyre embodies the ideal of feminism which proclaims that women are born to be equal with men and encourages women to achieve their independence and freedom by subverting the patriarchy and by establishing an equitable world.
It is believed that the first Chinese readers of Jane Eyre were those who studied in the schools sponsored by Christian missionaries or those who went to Western countries at the end of the 19th century.
Soon after the translated version of Jane Eyre aroused immediate attention from Chinese critics. They all agreed, that Charlotte Brontë had originality and uniqueness, a vivid realistic description of life. Brontë was deemed to 'have too many desires and romantic ideas' and 'was determined to describe the social reality'.
The Chinese translators' efforts are obviously of great significance, since most of the readers only read the translated Chinese versions.
Until the beginning of the 20th century, young people still could not base their marriage on love, but on parent's decision under the constraints of the feudal social system in China ; women had no say at home, let alone in society ; the Chinese cultural tradition advocates collectivism instead of individualism ; under the extreme leftist communalists' political control in 1950s and 1960s, people could hardly maintain their personalities. When they finally come across Jane Eyre's story of romantic love, personal struggle in life and unique development of personality, they cannot suppress their emotion any more. They admire Jane's courage for pursuit of love and happiness, and wish to follow her example. Though the heroine Jane Eyre is a British girl, she has virtues which are in accordance with traditional Chinese ethics. Chinese people cherish friendship and will risk their lives for the sake of their friends. They are told by Confucius, one should show their love, benevolence, sympathy, charity, humanity and kindness to every human being. Jane's clear love and hatred, her fight against John Reed's violent tyrannies, and her aversion straight to Aunt Reed all prove she is a benevolent person. Though she is poor, she has a noble soul of self-respect, self-confidence and self-reliance. She behaves just as Chinese people usually believe : one should sometimes restrain their love for some moral considerations. After she inherits a large sum of money, she shares with her cousins. She certainly reminds Chinese people of their true hero who 'neither riches nor honors can corrupt him ; neither poverty nor humbleness can make him swerve from principle ; and neither threats nor forces can subdue him'.

Commemoration of the centennial death of Charlotte Brontë. A Chinese magazine published the memorial articles from The Marxist quarterly (London), which remarked that Brontë 'might unconsciously turned out to be the representatives of thousands and millions of the unfortunate and the oppressed.

Zhang, Xuexin. Lun xia lü di Bolangte de Jian Ai [ID D27992].
Sammlung von drei Artikeln von Professoren der Beijing-Universität und einer chinesischen Übersetzung eines russischen Vorwortes zur englischen Ausgabe von Jane Eyre von Charlotte Brontë 1958.
The basis tone oft he pamphlet was to criticize the capitalist social ideology conveyed in the novel in case that the Chinese readers may be corrupted and distracted from the socialist construction : 'It is hard for our generation to comprehend the happiness of love which the writer described in the novel. We are used to connecting the personal happiness with the collective and the whole society'. Jane Eyre could never find the right way to solve female problems completely for she did not devot herself into the course of working people.

Xu, Guozhang. Ying yu. Vol. 1-2. (Beijing : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1962). [English textbook].
英语
[Enthält eine Adaptation des ersten Kapitels von Jane Eyre von Charlotte Brontë].
Note : "Jane Eyre is a long novel which is quite successful in description of Jane Eyre's childhood. The heroine had a strong character in the beginning, but she gradually gave up her rebellion against feudel sexual discrimination and depended on the landlord Mr. Rochester by willingly being his wife".

Wai guo ming zuo jia zhuan. Zhang Yinglun zhu bian [ID D14449].
Zhu Hong praised Charlotte Brontë for creating a new type of heroine who is a low born orphan but capable of the most sincere, delicate, and passionate emotions utterly distinct from the affected bourgeois ladies in popular novel ; yet at the same time, she also criticized Jane's
Victory, all the faborable outcomes for her, and the coincidences in the latter half of the novel as utter clichés of vulgar bourgesois novels.

Film : Jane Eyre von Charlotte Brontë unter der Regie von Delbert Mann in China.
People were moved by the theme of love and humanity especially after they had long been taught to sacrifice their personal feeling fort he causes of proletariat revolution. Some influential newpapers and magazines published reader's reviews.

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Chong guang ji. Zhou Shoujuan yi. (Shanghai : Da dong shu ju, 1925). Adaptation einer Kurzfassung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847). [= Jian Ai].
重光集
nc.zjsdxf.cn.

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Luoxue xiao jie you xue ji. [Xialuoti Bolangte zhu] ; Wu Guangjian yi. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1933). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Villette. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder & Co., 1853).
洛雪小姐遊學記

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Gu nü piao ling ji. Buluncheng zhu ; Wu Guangjian yi. (Shanghai : Shang yu yin shu guan, 1935). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847). [= Jian Ai].
孤女飄零記

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai zi zhuan. Bolangte ; Li Jiye yi. (Shanghai : Sheng huo shu dian, 1936). (Shi jie wen ku). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
简爱自传

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. Bolangte zhuan ; Zhang Zhicheng yi. (Gaoxiong : Da zhong, 1971). (Shi jie ming zhu). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
簡愛

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. Bolangte ; Li Fang yi. (Taibei : Xin xing, 1954). (Shi jie wen xue cong shu). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
簡愛

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. Li Wen yi. (Taibei : Da Zhongguo tu shu gong si, 1961). (Shi jie wen xue cong shu). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
簡愛

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. A[lice] Sweaney qian shu : Wu Luqin yi zhu. (Taibei : Ming hua shu ju, 1963). (Shi jie wen xue cong shu). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Retold by A[lice] Sweaney. (London : Oxford University Press, 1937). (Tales retold for easy reading). = Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
簡愛

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. Bolangte zhu ; Lin Weitang yi. (Taibei : Wen hua, 1967). (Shi jie wen xue ming zhu). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
簡愛

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. Bolangte zhuan ; Bu Zhu yi zhe. (Tainan : Hou han, 1969). (Wan you yi zhi cong shu). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
简•爱

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. Bolangte zhuan ; Zhang Zhicheng yi. (Gaoxiong : Da zhong, 1971). (Shi jie ming zhu). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
簡愛

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. Xu Xiaomei yi. (Tainan : Tainan xin shi ji, 1972). (Shi jie wen xue ming zhu). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
簡愛

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. Bulundi [Bolangte] zhuan ; Liu Yundai yi. (Taibei : Wu zhou, 1975). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
簡愛

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. A Chinese translation with an introd. by Chen Xiaomei. (Beijing : Beijing Foreign Languages Teaching and Research Press, 1979). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
简爱

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. Gao Huiyun yi. (Xianggang : Ya yuan chu ban she, 1981). (Shi jie ming zhu fan yi). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
简•爱

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. Sun Ruihe yi. ([Beijing : Shang wu yin shu guan ?], 1981]. (Jin yi Ying yu zhu yi du wu ; 107). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
簡愛

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Jian Ai. Xialüdi Bolangte zhu ; Wei Wei yi. (Xianggang : Da guang chu ban you xian gong si, 1981). (Wen xue ming zhu you sheng ju ben). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre : an autobiography. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder, 1847).
簡愛

[Brontë, Charlotte]. Xieli. Xialuodi Bolangte zhu ; Cao Yong yi. (Shanghai : Shanghai yi wen chu ban she, 1981). (Bolangte san jie mei wen ji). Übersetzung von Brontë, Charlotte. Shirley : a tale. Vol. 1-3. (London : Smith, Elder and Co., 1849).
謝利

[Bentley, Phyllis Eleanor]. Bulangte. Liang Shiqiu zhu bian ; Bintelai zuo zhe ; Zhuang Shengxiong yi zhe. (Taibei : Ming ren chu ban shi ye gu fen you xian gong si, 1982). (Ming ren wei ren zhuan ji quan ji ; 61). Übersetzung von Bentley, Phyllis Eleanor. The Brontës. (London : Home & Van Thal, 1947).
布朗特

[Gaskell, Elizabeth]. Xialuodi Bolangte zhuan. Gaisikaier fu ren ; Zhu Qingying, Zhu Wen'guang yi. (Shanghai : Shanghai yi wen chu ban she, 1987). Übersetzung von Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn. The life of Charlotte Brontë. (London : D. Appleton, 1857).
夏洛蒂勃朗特傳

[Lane, Margaret]. Bolangte yi jia de gu shi. Magelite Laien zhu ; Yang Jingyuan, Gu Geng yi. (Shanghai : Shanghai yi wen chu ban she, 1990). (Wai guo ming zuo jia chuan ji cong shu). Übersetzung von Lane, Margaret. The Brontë story : a reconsideration of Mars. Gaskell's Life of Charlotte Brontë. (London : W. Heinemann, 1953). [Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell].
勃朗特一家的故事

[Lane, Margaret]. Bolangte san jie mei. Magelite Lai'en zhu ; Li Sen deng yi ; Zhou Shuiyu, Ma Yuanxi jiao. (Tianjin : Tianjin ren min chu ban she, 1992). (Wai guo ming ren zhuan ji). Übersetzung von Lane, Margaret. The Brontë story : a reconsideration of Mrs. Gaskell's Life of Charlotte Brontë. (London : W. Heinemann, 1953). [Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell].
勃朗特三姐妹

Fang, Ping. Wei shen mo ding lou shang cang zhe yi ge feng nü ren : Jian Ai, Hu Xiao shan zhuang yan jiu ji qi ta. (Shanghai : Shanghai yi wen chu ban she, 1994). [Abhandlung über Jane Eyre von Charlotte Brontë und Wuthering heights von Emily Brontë].
为什么顶楼上藏着一个疯女人 : 简爱呼啸山庄硏究及其他

[Blackburn, Ruth Harriett]. Xialuodi Bolangte de Jian Ai. Bulaike ben ; Hao Guixiu. (Beijing : Wai yu jiao xue yu yan jiu chu ban she, 1997). (Shi jie jing dian wen xue zuo pin shang xi). Übersetzung von Blackburn, Ruth Harriett. Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre. (New York, N.Y. : Monarch Press, 1964).
夏洛蒂勃朗特的簡愛

[Vicary, Tim]. Bolangte yi jia de gu shi. Li Song yi. (Beijing : Wai yu jiao xue yu yan jiu chu ban she, 1998). (Shu chong. Niujin Ying Han dui zhao du wu). Übersetzung von Vicary, Tim. The Brontë story. (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1995). (Oxford bookworms). [Text in Englisch und Chinesisch]. [Betr. Charlotte, Emily, Anne Brontë].
勃朗特一家的故事

[Bentley, Phyllis Eleanor]. Bulangdi zi mei. Feilisi Banteli zhu ; Guo Wanling yi ; Xie Yaoling shen ding. (Taibei : Mao tou ying chu ban she, 1999). (Zuo jia yu zuo pin ; 6). Übersetzung von Bentley, Phyllis Eleanor. The Brontës. (London : Home & Van Thal, 1947).
布朗蒂姊妹

[Gaskell, Elizabeth]. Xialuodi Bolangte zhuan. Gaisikaier zhu ; Zhang Shurong yi. (Beijing : Tuan jie chu ban she, 2000). Übersetzung von Gaskell, Elizabeth Cleghorn. The life of Charlotte Brontë. (London : D. Appleton, 1857).
夏洛蒂勃朗特傳