Haggard, H. Rider

Uganda Kwan : Lin Shu translated H. Rider Haggard 's works with a political purpose in mind. By contextualizing the translation background, analyzing the discourse by Lin Shu at the paratranslation level in his translations of Haggard's works and highlighting Lin's treatment of gender, Lin Shu appropriated Haggard's work to refresh the national imagination of China by means of a new allegory – the juvenile boy. Lin Shu adopted a gender-inclusive Chinese term, 'shao nian', to denote the notion 'juvenile'. Through his use of an ostensibly gender-neutral termin reference only to the young male protagonist, Lin Shu exploits and extends Haggard's colonialist politics into a discourse whose intention is to mobilize male Chinese readers to rejuvenate China. His aim was to persuade his audience that China was not a moribund nation despite repeated defeats by foreign powers, and that the country would soon be reborn as a young nation, full of energy, virility and possibilities. To understand Lin Shu's presumed intention, the historical context of Victorian Britain and the ideological importantce of juvenile literature of the kind written by Haggard are examined. Whether British or Anglophone audiences saw more in Haggard than simple adventure stories is unknown, but it is clear that Lin Shu understood their ideology.

Hagete [Haggard, H. Rider]. Aisilan qing xia zhuan. Lin Shu, Wei Yi tong yi. [ID D12115].
Lin Shu schreibt im Vorwort : "The people of Iceland were uncivilized. As I see it, both their men and their women were bellicose. If they feld humiliated, they would resort to sword and shield. Their acts seem not far from those of bandits, but in their tribes they had fathers and elder sons to dispense justice, which is similar to our ancient clan system. Though they did not reach the apex of civilization, they would never suffer any humiliation without taking revenge. Most of this book is about assault and robbery, which are far from civilized, but the speech and spirit in it are heroic.
The reason that the translation is entitled The story of an amourous cavalier from Iceland is that it tells of the amorous affairs between a man and a woman, hence part of the title suggests the romantic substance of the novel ; however, my true intention is to tell the readers of the valour of the hero. The chivalrous trait of the hero is thus emphsized for the purpose of arousing my people from their lethargic sleep and spurring them on to vrave deeds."

Haggard, H. Rider. Ayesha : the return of She. (London : Ward Lock, 1905).
gutenberg.org. 2
Five years we spent in Thibet, for the most part as guests of various monasteries, where we studied the law and traditions of the Lamas. Here we were once sentenced to death in punishent for having visited a forbidden city, but escaped through the kindness of a Chinese official...
Leaving Thibet, we wandered east and west and north, thousands and thousands of miles, sojourning amongst many tribes in Chinese territory and elsewhere, learning many tongues, enduring much hardship. Thus we would hear a legend of a place, say nine hundred miles away, and spend two years in reaching it, to find when we came there, nothing...
Further, in spare hours we told them many tales of "the Monastery called the World," and it was really delightful, and in a sense piteous, to see the joy with which they listened to these stories of wondrous countries and new races of men; they who knew only of Russia and China and some semi-savage tribes, inhabitants of the mountains and the deserts...
Chap. 20
The Chinese were the people in whom she proved to be most interested, perhaps because she was acquainted with the Mongolian type, and like ourselves, understood a good many of their dialects. Also she had a motive for her studies, which one night she revealed to us in the most matter-of-fact fashion...
She took a map of the eastern hemisphere which I had drawn and, placing her finger upon Pekin, said—"There is the place that shall be our home for some few centuries, say three, or five, or seven, should it take so long to shape this people to my liking and our purposes. I have chosen these Chinese because thou tellest me that their numbers are uncountable, that they are brave, subtle, and patient, and though now powerless because ill-ruled and untaught, able with their multitudes to flood the little western nations. Therefore among them we will begin our reign and for some few ages be at rest while they learn wisdom from us, and thou, my Holly, makest their armies unconquerable and givest their land good government, wealth, peace, and a new religion." What the new religion was to be I did not ask. It seemed unnecessary, since I was convinced that in practice it would prove a form of Ayesha-worship, Indeed, my mind was so occupied with conjectures, some of them quaint and absurd enough, as to what would happen at the first appearance of Ayesha in China that I forgot this subsidiary development of our future rule...
He bowed and went, whereon, dismissing the matter from her mind, Ayesha began to question me again about the Chinese and their customs...

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Hong jiao hua jiang lu. Lin Shu, Wei Yi yi shu. [ID D10423].
Lin Shu schreibt im Vorwort : "The advocacy of deminism presupposes the education of women ; the educated woman would weigh the pros and cons in matters concerning her own matrimony, knowing only too well that indiscretion would not bring her any good, and therefore she would refrain from doing nything reckless... People would learn of the lasciviousness of the Western customs, and then would talk no more of the education of women, but still regard a woman as being virtuous if she has had no education at all. However, this is not what I want to see."

Hagete [Haggard, H. Rider]. Aisilan qing xia zhuan. Hagete yuan zhu ; Lin Shu, Wei Yi tong yi. (Shanghai : Shanghai guang zhi shu ju, 1904). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. Eric Brighteyes. (London : Longmans, Green and Co., 1891).
埃司蘭情侠傳

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Jiayin xiao zhuan : yan qing xiao shuo. Hagede yuan zhu ; Lin Shu, Wei Yi yi . Vol. 1-2. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1905). (Shuo bu cong shu ; 13). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. Joan Haste. Vol. 1-2. (London ; New York, N.Y. : Longmans, Green & Co., 1895).
迦茵小傳 : 言情小說

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Gui shan lang xie zhuan. Vol. 1-3. Hagede yuan zhu ; Lin Shu, Wei Yi yi. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1905). (Lin yi xiao shuo cong shu ; 17). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. Nada the lily. In : Illustrated London news ; Jan.-June (1892). (London : Ingram Brothers, 1892).
鬼山狼俠傳

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Ying xiao zi huo shan bao chou lu. Hagede zhu ; Lin Shu, Wei Yi tong yi. Vol. 1-2. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1905). (Lin yi xiao shuo cong shu ; 5). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. Montezuma’s daughter : a romance. (London ; New York, N.Y. : Longmans, Green, and Co., 1893).
英孝子 火山 報仇錄

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Yu xue liu hen. Hagede yuan zhu ; Lin Shu, Wei Yi yi shu. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1905). (Shuo bu cong shu ; 32). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. Mr. Meeson’s will. (London : S. Blackett, 1888).
玉雪留痕

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Ai ji jin ta pou shi ji. Lin Shu yi. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1905). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. Cleopatra : being an account of the fall and vengeance of Harmachis (the royal Egyptian), as set forth by his own hand. (London : Longmans, Green and Co., 1889).
埃及金塔剖尸记

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Feizhou yan shui chou cheng lu. Hagede zhu ; Lin Shu yi. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1905). (Shuo bu cong shu ; 26). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. Allan Quatermain : being an account of his further adventures and discoveries. In company with Sir Henry Curis, bart., commander John Good, R.N., and one umslopogaas. (London : Longmans, Green and Co., 1887).
斐洲煙水愁城錄

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Hong jiao hua jiang lu. Hagede yuan zhu ; Lin Shu, Wei Yi yi shu. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1906). (Shuo bu cong shu ; 5, 5). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. Beatrice : a novel. (London : Longmans, Green & Co., 1890).
紅礁畫槳錄

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Hong han nü lang zhuan. Hagede zhu ; Lin Shu, Wei Yi yi. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1906). (Shuo bu cong shu chu ji ; 35). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. Colonel Quaritch, V.C. : a tale of country life. Vol. 1-3. (London : Longmans, 1888).
洪罕女郎傳

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Man huang zhi yi. Lin Shu yi. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1906). (Shuo bu cong shu ; 39). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. Black heart and white heart, and other stories. (London : Longmans, Green, 1900). (Longman’s colonial library).
蠻荒志異

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Wu zhong ren. Lin Shu, Zeng Zonggong yi. Vol. 1-3. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1906). (Shuo bu cong shu ; 56). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. The people of the mist. (London : Longmans, Green, 1894).
雾中人

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Zhong ru du lou : mao xian xiao shuo. Hagede yuan zhu ; Lin Shu, Zeng Zonggong yi shu. Vol. 1-2. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1908). (Shuo bu cong shu ; 2, 64). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. King Solomon’s mines. (London ; Paris ; New York ; Melbourne : Cassell, 1885).
鍾乳髑髏

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Ji si ci hu ji. Hagede zhu ; Chen Jialin, Lin Shu tong yi. Vol. 1-2. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1909). (Lin yi xiao shuo cong shu ; 40). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. Jess. (London : Smith, Elder & Co., 1887).
璣司刺虎記

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. Shuang xiong jiao jian lu : yan qing xiao shuo. Hagede yuan zhu ; Lin Shu, Chen Jialin yi shu. Vol. 1-2. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1910). (Shuo bu cong shu ; 2, 35). Übersetzung von : Haggard, H. Rider. Fair Margaret. (London : Hutchinson, 1907).
雙雄較劍緣

Hagede [Haggard, H. Rider]. San qian nian yan shi ji. Lin Shu yi. Vol. 1-2. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1910). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. She : a history of adventure. In : Graphic ; vol. 34, no 879-891 (Oct. 2-Dec 25, 1886). = (New York, N.Y. : McKinlay, Stone & Mackenzie ; Caxton House, 1886).
三千年艷尸記

Hagede [Haggard, H. Ryder]. Gu gui yi jin ji. Lin Shu yi. (Shanghai : Shanghai guang zhi shu ju, 1912). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Ryder. The spirit of Bambatse : a romance [Benita]. (New York, N.Y. : Longmans, Green, 1906).
古鬼遺金記

[Haggard, H. Rider ; Lang, Andrew]. Hong xing yi shi. Luoda Hagede, Andulanju zhu ; Zhou Zuoren, Lu Xun yi. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1907). (Shuo bu cong shu chi ji ; 78). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider ; Lang, Andrew. The world's desire. (London : Longmans, Green, 1890).
红星佚史

[Haggard, H. Rider]. Xue po yuan yang : yan qing xiao shuo. Hagede yuan zhu zhe ; Xue Yi'e, Chen Jialin yi shu zhe. (Shanghai : Shang wu yin shu guan, 1915). Übersetzung von Haggard, H. Rider. Allan Quatermain : being an account of his further adventures and discoveries. In company with Sir Henry Curis, bart., commander John Good, R.N., and one umslopogaas. (London : Longmans, Green and Co., 1887).
血泊鴛鴦 : 言情小說